What Happens To Mortgage Loans Post-Contract Signing
Friday, March 25th, 2011
When purchasing a home, many people either do not have the cash on hand or wish to spread the total payment over a long period of time, such as 15 to 30 years. Mortgage loans are available to allow people to finance the majority of the housing purchase. However, once the contract is signed, most banks actually sell these loans to another banking institution which operates in the secondary mortgage market.
The primary market consists of the actual lenders and borrowers. It is the bank or lending institution that draws up the contract and terms of the agreement, working out the details with the home purchaser. These organizations decide the amount of principal that will be lent, the interest rate to charge, and how long the loan will be for.
After the money has been given to the borrower, the bank’s reserves are reduced by this amount. Over time they are reduced significantly because they are repeating this process for many people or businesses. It may not be a mortgage, but could be a commercial or personal loan, that the funds are being used for.
Since one of the main sources of income in institutions such as these comes from the interest paid, they are going to want to get more money to lend out. For this reason, they often sell a bundle of the home loans to businesses that operate in the secondary market. These companies buy mortgages from the banks that operate in the primary market.
After purchasing the home loans, the company will often bundle them together with other similar purchases in an effort to sell them as a security on the stock market. These securities are referred to as mortgage-backed securities or collateralized debt obligations (CDO), amongst other names. Individuals can then purchase shares in these funds, which enables the business to hopefully cover the risk of default and possibly make a profit.
The offerings in the secondary market, which many people do not even realize exists, do not place the mortgage loans of the initial borrowers at risk for loss of their home. They do however, put the stock market at risk when the borrower defaults on their payments. It is a complicated process to understand and operate.
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